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Text File  |  2002-04-08  |  50KB  |  1,095 lines

  1. This is groff, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from groff.texinfo.
  2.  
  3. INFO-DIR-SECTION Miscellaneous
  4. START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
  5. * Groff: (groff).  The GNU troff document formatting system.
  6. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
  7.  
  8.    This Info file documents GNU troff version 1.16.
  9.  
  10.    Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place, Suite 330
  11. Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  12.  
  13.    Copyright (C) 1994-2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  14.  
  15.    Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
  16. manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
  17. preserved on all copies.
  18.  
  19.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
  20. this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
  21. entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
  22. permission notice identical to this one.
  23.  
  24.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
  25. manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
  26. versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
  27. translation approved by the Foundation.
  28.  
  29.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
  30. this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
  31. that the section entitled "GNU General Public License" is included
  32. exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
  33. derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
  34. identical to this one.
  35.  
  36.    Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
  37. manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
  38. versions, except that the section entitled "GNU General Public License"
  39. may be included in a translation approved by the Free Software
  40. Foundation instead of in the original English.
  41.  
  42. 
  43. File: groff,  Node: Output Format,  Next: Device Control,  Prev: gtroff Output,  Up: gtroff Output
  44.  
  45. Output Format
  46. -------------
  47.  
  48.    The output format is text based, as opposed to a binary format (like
  49. TeX DVI).  The output format is 8-bit clean, thus single characters can
  50. have the eighth bit set, as can the names of fonts and special
  51. characters.
  52.  
  53.    The output format consists of single command characters with attached
  54. parameters which are separated from subsequent text by whitespace or a
  55. newline.
  56.  
  57.    The names of characters and fonts can be of arbitrary length; drivers
  58. should not assume that they are only two characters long (as `ditroff'
  59. does).
  60.  
  61.    When a character is to be printed, that character is always in the
  62. current font.  Unlike `ditroff', it is not necessary for drivers to
  63. search special fonts to find a character.
  64.  
  65. `HN'
  66.  
  67. `VN'
  68.  
  69. `hN'
  70.  
  71. `vN'
  72.  
  73. `cN'
  74.  
  75. `CN'
  76.  
  77. `NNC'
  78.  
  79. `tXXX'
  80.      XXX is any sequence of characters terminated by a space or a
  81.      newline; the first character should be printed at the current
  82.      position, the the current horizontal position should be increased
  83.      by the width of the first character, and so on for each character.
  84.      The width of the character is that given in the font file,
  85.      appropriately scaled for the current point size, and rounded so
  86.      that it is a multiple of the horizontal resolution.  Special
  87.      characters cannot be printed using this command.
  88.  
  89.      This command is only allowed if the `tcommand' line is present in
  90.      the `DESC' file.
  91.  
  92. `uN XXX'
  93.      This is same as the `t' command except that after printing each
  94.      character, the current horizontal position is increased by the sum
  95.      of the width of that character and N.
  96.  
  97.      This command is only allowed if the `tcommand' line is present in
  98.      the `DESC' file.
  99.  
  100. `nAB'
  101.  
  102. `pN'
  103.  
  104. `sN'
  105.      The argument to the `s' command is in scaled points (units of
  106.      points/N, where N is the argument to the `sizescale' command in
  107.      the `DESC' file).
  108.  
  109. `fN'
  110.  
  111. `x ... \n'
  112.      Device control.
  113.  
  114. `DC X...\n'
  115. 
  116. File: groff,  Node: Device Control,  Next: Drawing Functions,  Prev: Output Format,  Up: gtroff Output
  117.  
  118. Device Control
  119. --------------
  120.  
  121.    The `x' command is normally followed by a letter or word indicating
  122. the function to perform, followed by white space separated arguments.
  123.  
  124.    The first argument can be abbreviated to the first letter.
  125.  
  126. `x init'
  127.  
  128. `x T'
  129.  
  130. `x res N H V'
  131.  
  132. `x H'
  133.      The argument to the `x Height' command is also in scaled points.
  134.  
  135.    The first three output commands are guaranteed to be:
  136.  
  137.  
  138.      x T device
  139.      x res n h v
  140.      x init
  141.  
  142. For example, the input
  143.  
  144.  
  145.      crunchy \fH\s+2frog\s0\fP!?
  146.  
  147. produces
  148.  
  149. 
  150. File: groff,  Node: Drawing Functions,  Next: Line Continuation,  Prev: Device Control,  Up: gtroff Output
  151.  
  152. Drawing Functions
  153. -----------------
  154.  
  155.    The `D' drawing command has been extended.  These extensions are
  156. used by GNU `pic' only if the `-x' option is given.
  157.  
  158.    *Note Drawing Requests::.
  159.  
  160. `Df N'
  161.      Set the shade of gray to be used for filling solid objects to N;
  162.      N must be an integer between 0 and 1000, where 0 corresponds solid
  163.      white and 1000 to solid black, and values in between correspond to
  164.      intermediate shades of gray.  This applies only to solid circles,
  165.      solid ellipses and solid polygons.  By default, a level of 1000 is
  166.      used.  Whatever color a solid object has, it should completely
  167.      obscure everything beneath it.  A value greater than 1000 or less
  168.      than 0 can also be used: this means fill with the shade of gray
  169.      that is currently being used for lines and text.  Normally this is
  170.      black, but some drivers may provide a way of changing this.
  171.  
  172. `DC D'
  173.      Draw a solid circle with a diameter of D with the leftmost point
  174.      at the current position.
  175.  
  176. `DE DX DY'
  177.      Draw a solid ellipse with a horizontal diameter of DX and a
  178.      vertical diameter of DY with the leftmost point at the current
  179.      position.
  180.  
  181. `Dp DX1 DY1 DX2 DY2 ... DXN DYN'
  182.      Draw a polygon with automatic closure.  The first vertex is at the
  183.      current position, the second vertex at an offset (DX1,DY1) from
  184.      the current position, the second vertex at an offset (DX2,DY2)
  185.      from the first vertex, and so on up to the Nth vertex.  At the
  186.      moment, GNU `pic' only uses this command to generate triangles and
  187.      rectangles.
  188.  
  189. `DP DX1 DY1 DX2 DY2 ... DXN DYN'
  190.      Like `Dp' but draw a solid rather than outlined polygon.
  191.  
  192. `Dt N'
  193.      Set the current line thickness to N machine units.  Traditionally,
  194.      UNIX `troff' drivers use a line thickness proportional to the
  195.      current point size; drivers should continue to do this if no `Dt'
  196.      command has been given, or if a `Dt' command has been given with a
  197.      negative value of N.  A zero value of N selects the smallest
  198.      available line thickness.
  199.  
  200.    A difficulty arises in how the current position should be changed
  201. after the execution of these commands.  This is not of great importance
  202. since the code generated by GNU `pic' does not depend on this.  Given a
  203. drawing command of the form
  204.  
  205.  
  206.      \D'C X1 Y1 X2 Y2 ... XN YN'
  207.  
  208. where C is not one of `c', `e', `l', `a' or `~', UNIX `troff' treats
  209. each x value as a horizontal quantity, and each y value as a vertical
  210. quantity; it assumes that the width of the drawn object is the sum of
  211. all x values, and that the height is the sum of all y values.  (The
  212. assumption about the height can be seen by examining the `st' and `sb'
  213. registers after using such a `D' command in a `\w' escape sequence.)
  214. This rule also holds for all the original drawing commands with the
  215. exception of `De'.  For the sake of compatibility GNU `troff' also
  216. follows this rule, even though it produces an ugly result in the case
  217. of the `Df', `Dt', and, to a lesser extent, `DE' commands.  Thus after
  218. executing a `D' command of the form
  219.  
  220.  
  221.      DC X1 Y1 X2 Y2 ... XN YN
  222.  
  223. the current position should be increased horizontally by the sum of all
  224. x values and vertically by the sum of all y values.
  225.  
  226. 
  227. File: groff,  Node: Line Continuation,  Prev: Drawing Functions,  Up: gtroff Output
  228.  
  229. Line Continuation
  230. -----------------
  231.  
  232.    There is a continuation convention which permits the argument to the
  233. `x X' command to contain newlines: When outputting the argument to the
  234. `x X' command, GNU `troff' follows each newline in the argument with a
  235. `+' character (as usual, it terminates the entire argument with a
  236. newline); thus if the line after the line containing the `x X' command
  237. starts with `+', then the newline ending the line containing the `x X'
  238. command should be treated as part of the argument to the `x X' command,
  239. the `+' should be ignored, and the part of the line following the `+'
  240. should be treated like the part of the line following the `x X' command.
  241.  
  242. 
  243. File: groff,  Node: Font Files,  Prev: gtroff Output,  Up: File formats
  244.  
  245. Font Files
  246. ==========
  247.  
  248.    The `gtroff' font format is roughly a superset of the `ditroff' font
  249. format.  Unlike the `ditroff' font format, there is no associated
  250. binary format; all files are text files.  The font files for device
  251. NAME are stored in a directory `devNAME'.  There are two types of file:
  252. a device description file called `DESC' and for each font F a font file
  253. called `F'.
  254.  
  255. * Menu:
  256.  
  257. * DESC File Format::
  258. * Font File Format::
  259.  
  260. 
  261. File: groff,  Node: DESC File Format,  Next: Font File Format,  Prev: Font Files,  Up: Font Files
  262.  
  263. `DESC' File Format
  264. ------------------
  265.  
  266.    The `DESC' file can contain the following types of line:
  267.  
  268. `res N'
  269.      There are N machine units per inch.
  270.  
  271. `hor N'
  272.      The horizontal resolution is N machine units.
  273.  
  274. `vert N'
  275.      The vertical resolution is N machine units.
  276.  
  277. `sizescale N'
  278.      The scale factor for point sizes.  By default this has a value
  279.      of 1.  One scaled point is equal to one point/N.  The arguments to
  280.      the `unitwidth' and `sizes' commands are given in scaled points.
  281.      *Note Fractional Type Sizes::, for more information.
  282.  
  283. `unitwidth N'
  284.      Quantities in the font files are given in machine units for fonts
  285.      whose point size is N scaled points.
  286.  
  287. `tcommand'
  288.      This means that the postprocessor can handle the `t' and `u'
  289.      output commands.
  290.  
  291. `sizes S1 S2 ... SN 0'
  292.      This means that the device has fonts at S1, S2, ...  SN scaled
  293.      points.  The list of sizes must be terminated by a 0.  Each SI can
  294.      also be a range of sizes M-N.  The list can extend over more than
  295.      one line.
  296.  
  297. `styles S1 S2 ... SM'
  298.      The first M font positions are associated with styles S1 ... SM.
  299.  
  300. `fonts N F1 F2 F3 ... FN'
  301.      Fonts F1 ... FN are mounted in the font positions M+1, ..., M+N
  302.      where M is the number of styles.  This command may extend over
  303.      more than one line.  A font name of 0 means no font is mounted on
  304.      the corresponding font position.
  305.  
  306. `family FAM'
  307.      The default font family is FAM.
  308.  
  309. `charset'
  310.      This line and everything following in the file are ignored.  It is
  311.      allowed for the sake of backwards compatibility.
  312.  
  313.    The `res', `unitwidth', `fonts' and `sizes' lines are mandatory.
  314. Other commands are ignored by `gtroff' but may be used by
  315. postprocessors to store arbitrary information about the device in the
  316. `DESC' file.
  317.  
  318. 
  319. File: groff,  Node: Font File Format,  Prev: DESC File Format,  Up: Font Files
  320.  
  321. Font File Format
  322. ----------------
  323.  
  324.    A font file has two sections.  The first section is a sequence of
  325. lines each containing a sequence of blank delimited words; the first
  326. word in the line is a key, and subsequent words give a value for that
  327. key.
  328.  
  329. `name F'
  330.      The name of the font is F.
  331.  
  332. `spacewidth N'
  333.      The normal width of a space is N.
  334.  
  335. `slant N'
  336.      The characters of the font have a slant of N degrees.  (Positive
  337.      means forward.)
  338.  
  339. `ligatures LIG1 LIG2 ... LIGN [0]'
  340.      Characters LIG1, LIG2, ..., LIGN are ligatures; possible ligatures
  341.      are `ff', `fi', `fl', `ffi' and `ffl'.  For backwards
  342.      compatibility, the list of ligatures may be terminated with a 0.
  343.      The list of ligatures may not extend over more than one line.
  344.  
  345. `special'
  346.      The font is special; this means that when a character is requested
  347.      that is not present in the current font, it is searched for in any
  348.      special fonts that are mounted.
  349.  
  350.    Other commands are ignored by `gtroff' but may be used by
  351. postprocessors to store arbitrary information about the font in the font
  352. file.
  353.  
  354.    The first section can contain comments which start with the `#'
  355. character and extend to the end of a line.
  356.  
  357.    The second section contains one or two subsections.  It must contain
  358. a `charset' subsection and it may also contain a `kernpairs'
  359. subsection.  These subsections can appear in any order.  Each
  360. subsection starts with a word on a line by itself.
  361.  
  362.    The word `charset' starts the character set subsection.  The
  363. `charset' line is followed by a sequence of lines.  Each line gives
  364. information for one character.  A line comprises a number of fields
  365. separated by blanks or tabs.  The format is
  366.  
  367.  
  368.      NAME METRICS TYPE CODE COMMENT
  369.  
  370. NAME identifies the character: If NAME is a single character C then it
  371. corresponds to the `gtroff' input character C; if it is of the form
  372. `\C' where C is a single character, then it corresponds to the `gtroff'
  373. input character \C; otherwise it corresponds to the groff input
  374. character `\[NAME]'.  (If it is exactly two characters XX it can be
  375. entered as `\(XX'.)  `gtroff' supports 8-bit characters; however some
  376. utilities have difficulties with eight-bit characters.  For this
  377. reason, there is a convention that the name `charN' is equivalent to
  378. the single character whose code is N.  For example, `char163' would be
  379. equivalent to the character with code 163 which is the pounds sterling
  380. sign in ISO Latin-1 character set.  The name `---' is special and
  381. indicates that the character is unnamed; such characters can only be
  382. used by means of the `\N' escape sequence in `gtroff'.
  383.  
  384.    The TYPE field gives the character type:
  385.  
  386. `1'
  387.      the character has an descender, for example, `p';
  388.  
  389. `2'
  390.      the character has an ascender, for example, `b';
  391.  
  392. `3'
  393.      the character has both an ascender and a descender, for example,
  394.      `('.
  395.  
  396.    The CODE field gives the code which the postprocessor uses to print
  397. the character.  The character can also be input to `gtroff' using this
  398. code by means of the `\N' escape sequence.  The code can be any
  399. integer.  If it starts with `0' it is interpreted as octal; if it
  400. starts with `0x' or `0X' it is interpreted as hexadecimal.
  401.  
  402.    Anything on the line after the CODE field is ignored.
  403.  
  404.    The METRICS field has the form:
  405.  
  406.  
  407.      WIDTH[,HEIGHT[,DEPTH[,ITALIC_CORRECTION
  408.        [,LEFT_ITALIC_CORRECTION[,SUBSCRIPT_CORRECTION]]]]]
  409.  
  410. There must not be any spaces between these subfields (it has been split
  411. here into two lines for better legibility only).  Missing subfields are
  412. assumed to be 0.  The subfields are all decimal integers.  Since there
  413. is no associated binary format, these values are not required to fit
  414. into a variable of type `char' as they are in `ditroff'.  The WIDTH
  415. subfield gives the width of the character.  The HEIGHT subfield gives
  416. the height of the character (upwards is positive); if a character does
  417. not extend above the baseline, it should be given a zero height, rather
  418. than a negative height.  The DEPTH subfield gives the depth of the
  419. character, that is, the distance below the lowest point below the
  420. baseline to which the character extends (downwards is positive); if a
  421. character does not extend below above the baseline, it should be given
  422. a zero depth, rather than a negative depth.  The ITALIC_CORRECTION
  423. subfield gives the amount of space that should be added after the
  424. character when it is immediately to be followed by a character from a
  425. roman font.  The LEFT_ITALIC_CORRECTION subfield gives the amount of
  426. space that should be added before the character when it is immediately
  427. to be preceded by a character from a roman font.  The
  428. SUBSCRIPT_CORRECTION gives the amount of space that should be added
  429. after a character before adding a subscript.  This should be less than
  430. the italic correction.
  431.  
  432.    A line in the `charset' section can also have the format
  433.  
  434.  
  435.      NAME "
  436.  
  437. This indicates that NAME is just another name for the character
  438. mentioned in the preceding line.
  439.  
  440.    The word `kernpairs' starts the kernpairs section.  This contains a
  441. sequence of lines of the form:
  442.  
  443.  
  444.      C1 C2 N
  445.  
  446. This means that when character C1 appears next to character C2 the
  447. space between them should be increased by N.  Most entries in the
  448. kernpairs section have a negative value for N.
  449.  
  450. 
  451. File: groff,  Node: Installation,  Next: Request Index,  Prev: File formats,  Up: Top
  452.  
  453. Installation
  454. ************
  455.  
  456. 
  457. File: groff,  Node: Request Index,  Next: Escape Index,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
  458.  
  459. Request Index
  460. *************
  461.  
  462.    Requests appear without the leading control character (normally
  463. either `.' or `'').
  464.  
  465. * Menu:
  466.  
  467. * ' <1>:                                 Character Translations.
  468. * ' <2>:                                 Requests.
  469. * ' <3>:                                 Escapes.
  470. * ':                                     Comments.
  471. * ( <1>:                                 Escapes.
  472. * (:                                     Identifiers.
  473. * . <1>:                                 Requests.
  474. * .:                                     Character Translations.
  475. * [ <1>:                                 Escapes.
  476. * [:                                     Identifiers.
  477. * ] <1>:                                 Escapes.
  478. * ]:                                     Identifiers.
  479. * ab:                                    Debugging.
  480. * ad <1>:                                Manipulating Hyphenation.
  481. * ad:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  482. * af:                                    Assigning Formats.
  483. * aln:                                   Setting Registers.
  484. * als <1>:                               Writing Macros.
  485. * als <2>:                               Parameters.
  486. * als:                                   Strings.
  487. * am:                                    Writing Macros.
  488. * as <1>:                                Strings.
  489. * as:                                    Comments.
  490. * asciify:                               Diversions.
  491. * backtrace:                             Debugging.
  492. * bd <1>:                                Changing Fonts.
  493. * bd <2>:                                Artificial Fonts.
  494. * bd <3>:                                Font Families.
  495. * bd:                                    Implementation Differences.
  496. * blm <1>:                               Implicit Line Breaks.
  497. * blm:                                   Requests.
  498. * bp <1>:                                Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  499. * bp:                                    Page Control.
  500. * br <1>:                                Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  501. * br:                                    Basics.
  502. * break:                                 while.
  503. * c2:                                    Character Translations.
  504. * cc:                                    Character Translations.
  505. * ce <1>:                                Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  506. * ce:                                    Basics.
  507. * cf <1>:                                I/O.
  508. * cf:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  509. * cflags:                                Using Symbols.
  510. * ch:                                    Page Location Traps.
  511. * char <1>:                              Character Translations.
  512. * char <2>:                              Using Symbols.
  513. * char <3>:                              Operators in Conditionals.
  514. * char <4>:                              Using Symbols.
  515. * char:                                  Manipulating Hyphenation.
  516. * chop:                                  Strings.
  517. * close:                                 I/O.
  518. * code:                                  Changing Fonts.
  519. * continue:                              while.
  520. * cp <1>:                                Using Symbols.
  521. * cp:                                    Implementation Differences.
  522. * cs <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  523. * cs <2>:                                Font Families.
  524. * cs <3>:                                Fractional Type Sizes.
  525. * cs <4>:                                Changing Fonts.
  526. * cs:                                    Artificial Fonts.
  527. * cu:                                    Artificial Fonts.
  528. * da <1>:                                Diversions.
  529. * da:                                    Warnings.
  530. * de <1>:                                Warnings.
  531. * de <2>:                                while.
  532. * de:                                    Writing Macros.
  533. * di <1>:                                Warnings.
  534. * di:                                    Diversions.
  535. * ds <1>:                                Comments.
  536. * ds <2>:                                Strings.
  537. * ds:                                    Request Arguments.
  538. * dt:                                    Diversion Traps.
  539. * ec:                                    Character Translations.
  540. * el <1>:                                if-else.
  541. * el:                                    Warnings.
  542. * em:                                    End-of-input Traps.
  543. * eo:                                    Character Translations.
  544. * ev:                                    Environments.
  545. * evc:                                   Environments.
  546. * ex <1>:                                I/O.
  547. * ex:                                    Debugging.
  548. * fam <1>:                               Font Families.
  549. * fam <2>:                               Changing Fonts.
  550. * fam:                                   Font Positions.
  551. * fc:                                    Fields.
  552. * fi:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  553. * fl <1>:                                Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  554. * fl:                                    Debugging.
  555. * fp <1>:                                Font Positions.
  556. * fp <2>:                                Changing Fonts.
  557. * fp:                                    Implementation Differences.
  558. * fspecial <1>:                          Changing Fonts.
  559. * fspecial <2>:                          Using Symbols.
  560. * fspecial <3>:                          Font Families.
  561. * fspecial:                              Artificial Fonts.
  562. * ft <1>:                                Changing Fonts.
  563. * ft:                                    Font Positions.
  564. * ftr:                                   Changing Fonts.
  565. * hc:                                    Manipulating Hyphenation.
  566. * hcode <1>:                             Manipulating Hyphenation.
  567. * hcode:                                 Using Symbols.
  568. * hla:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  569. * hlm:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  570. * hpf:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  571. * hw:                                    Manipulating Hyphenation.
  572. * hy:                                    Manipulating Hyphenation.
  573. * hym:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  574. * hys:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  575. * ie <1>:                                if-else.
  576. * ie:                                    Warnings.
  577. * if <1>:                                Expressions.
  578. * if <2>:                                if-else.
  579. * if:                                    Operators in Conditionals.
  580. * ig:                                    Comments.
  581. * in <1>:                                Line Layout.
  582. * in <2>:                                Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  583. * in <3>:                                Line Layout.
  584. * in:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  585. * it:                                    Input Line Traps.
  586. * kern:                                  Ligatures and Kerning.
  587. * lc <1>:                                Using Symbols.
  588. * lc:                                    Leaders.
  589. * length:                                Strings.
  590. * lf:                                    Miscellaneous.
  591. * lg:                                    Ligatures and Kerning.
  592. * ll <1>:                                Line Layout.
  593. * ll:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  594. * ls <1>:                                Manipulating Spacing.
  595. * ls:                                    Basics.
  596. * lt:                                    Page Layout.
  597. * mc:                                    Miscellaneous.
  598. * mk:                                    Page Motions.
  599. * mso:                                   I/O.
  600. * na:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  601. * ne <1>:                                Page Control.
  602. * ne:                                    Page Location Traps.
  603. * nf:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  604. * nh:                                    Manipulating Hyphenation.
  605. * nm <1>:                                Built-in Registers.
  606. * nm:                                    Miscellaneous.
  607. * nn:                                    Miscellaneous.
  608. * nr <1>:                                Auto-increment.
  609. * nr <2>:                                Setting Registers.
  610. * nr:                                    Warnings.
  611. * nroff <1>:                             Operators in Conditionals.
  612. * nroff:                                 Troff and Nroff Mode.
  613. * ns:                                    Manipulating Spacing.
  614. * nx:                                    I/O.
  615. * open:                                  I/O.
  616. * opena:                                 I/O.
  617. * os:                                    Page Control.
  618. * pc:                                    Page Layout.
  619. * pi:                                    I/O.
  620. * pl:                                    Page Layout.
  621. * pm:                                    Debugging.
  622. * pn <1>:                                Page Layout.
  623. * pn:                                    Page Control.
  624. * pnr:                                   Debugging.
  625. * po:                                    Line Layout.
  626. * ps <1>:                                Changing Type Sizes.
  627. * ps <2>:                                Artificial Fonts.
  628. * ps <3>:                                Changing Type Sizes.
  629. * ps <4>:                                Implementation Differences.
  630. * ps:                                    Fractional Type Sizes.
  631. * ptr:                                   Debugging.
  632. * rc:                                    Using Symbols.
  633. * rchar:                                 Using Symbols.
  634. * rd:                                    I/O.
  635. * rj:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  636. * rm:                                    Strings.
  637. * rn:                                    Strings.
  638. * rnn:                                   Setting Registers.
  639. * rr:                                    Setting Registers.
  640. * rs:                                    Manipulating Spacing.
  641. * rt:                                    Page Motions.
  642. * shc <1>:                               Character Translations.
  643. * shc:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  644. * shift:                                 Parameters.
  645. * so:                                    I/O.
  646. * sp <1>:                                Manipulating Spacing.
  647. * sp <2>:                                Page Motions.
  648. * sp <3>:                                Manipulating Spacing.
  649. * sp:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  650. * special:                               Changing Fonts.
  651. * ss:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  652. * sty <1>:                               Font Positions.
  653. * sty <2>:                               Changing Fonts.
  654. * sty:                                   Font Families.
  655. * substring:                             Strings.
  656. * sv:                                    Page Control.
  657. * sy:                                    I/O.
  658. * ta:                                    Tabs and Fields.
  659. * tc:                                    Tabs and Fields.
  660. * ti <1>:                                Line Layout.
  661. * ti:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  662. * tkf <1>:                               Fractional Type Sizes.
  663. * tkf <2>:                               Implementation Differences.
  664. * tkf <3>:                               Ligatures and Kerning.
  665. * tkf <4>:                               Font Families.
  666. * tkf:                                   Changing Fonts.
  667. * tl:                                    Page Layout.
  668. * tm:                                    Debugging.
  669. * tr <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  670. * tr <2>:                                Character Translations.
  671. * tr <3>:                                Using Symbols.
  672. * tr:                                    Manipulating Hyphenation.
  673. * trf <1>:                               Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  674. * trf:                                   I/O.
  675. * trnt:                                  Character Translations.
  676. * troff <1>:                             Operators in Conditionals.
  677. * troff:                                 Troff and Nroff Mode.
  678. * uf <1>:                                Font Families.
  679. * uf:                                    Artificial Fonts.
  680. * ul <1>:                                Artificial Fonts.
  681. * ul <2>:                                Changing Fonts.
  682. * ul:                                    Artificial Fonts.
  683. * unformat <1>:                          Gtroff Internals.
  684. * unformat:                              Strings.
  685. * vpt:                                   Page Location Traps.
  686. * vs:                                    Changing Type Sizes.
  687. * warn:                                  Debugging.
  688. * wh:                                    Page Location Traps.
  689. * while <1>:                             while.
  690. * while <2>:                             Expressions.
  691. * while:                                 Operators in Conditionals.
  692. * write:                                 I/O.
  693.  
  694. 
  695. File: groff,  Node: Escape Index,  Next: Operator Index,  Prev: Request Index,  Up: Top
  696.  
  697. Escape Index
  698. ************
  699.  
  700. * Menu:
  701.  
  702. * \:                                     Using Symbols.
  703. * \! <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  704. * \! <2>:                                Diversions.
  705. * \! <3>:                                Escapes.
  706. * \! <4>:                                Character Translations.
  707. * \!:                                    Escapes.
  708. * \":                                    Comments.
  709. * \#:                                    Comments.
  710. * \$ <1>:                                Parameters.
  711. * \$ <2>:                                Copy-in Mode.
  712. * \$:                                    Parameters.
  713. * \$*:                                   Parameters.
  714. * \$0:                                   Parameters.
  715. * \$@:                                   Parameters.
  716. * \% <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  717. * \% <2>:                                Escapes.
  718. * \% <3>:                                Manipulating Hyphenation.
  719. * \% <4>:                                Character Translations.
  720. * \%:                                    Escapes.
  721. * \& <1>:                                Drawing Requests.
  722. * \& <2>:                                Escapes.
  723. * \& <3>:                                Using Symbols.
  724. * \& <4>:                                Character Translations.
  725. * \& <5>:                                Ligatures and Kerning.
  726. * \& <6>:                                Sentences.
  727. * \& <7>:                                Requests.
  728. * \&:                                    Implementation Differences.
  729. * \' <1>:                                Character Translations.
  730. * \' <2>:                                Implementation Differences.
  731. * \':                                    Escapes.
  732. * \(:                                    Character Translations.
  733. * \):                                    Escapes.
  734. * \* <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  735. * \* <2>:                                Copy-in Mode.
  736. * \*:                                    Strings.
  737. * \, <1>:                                Escapes.
  738. * \,:                                    Ligatures and Kerning.
  739. * \- <1>:                                Escapes.
  740. * \- <2>:                                Implementation Differences.
  741. * \- <3>:                                Character Translations.
  742. * \-:                                    Escapes.
  743. * \/ <1>:                                Ligatures and Kerning.
  744. * \/:                                    Escapes.
  745. * \0:                                    Escapes.
  746. * \<RET> <1>:                            Copy-in Mode.
  747. * \<RET>:                                Strings.
  748. * \<SP> <1>:                             Implementation Differences.
  749. * \<SP> <2>:                             Request Arguments.
  750. * \<SP>:                                 Escapes.
  751. * \? <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  752. * \? <2>:                                Diversions.
  753. * \?:                                    Escapes.
  754. * \@:                                    Escapes.
  755. * \[:                                    Character Translations.
  756. * \\ <1>:                                Character Translations.
  757. * \\ <2>:                                Copy-in Mode.
  758. * \\:                                    Escapes.
  759. * \^ <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  760. * \^:                                    Escapes.
  761. * \_ <1>:                                Character Translations.
  762. * \_ <2>:                                Escapes.
  763. * \_:                                    Implementation Differences.
  764. * \` <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  765. * \` <2>:                                Escapes.
  766. * \` <3>:                                Character Translations.
  767. * \`:                                    Escapes.
  768. * \A:                                    Identifiers.
  769. * \a <1>:                                Character Translations.
  770. * \a:                                    Escapes.
  771. * \A:                                    Escapes.
  772. * \a:                                    Leaders.
  773. * \A:                                    Implementation Differences.
  774. * \b <1>:                                Drawing Requests.
  775. * \b:                                    Escapes.
  776. * \C:                                    Escapes.
  777. * \c:                                    Escapes.
  778. * \C:                                    Using Symbols.
  779. * \c:                                    Implementation Differences.
  780. * \C:                                    Character Translations.
  781. * \c:                                    Escapes.
  782. * \D:                                    Escapes.
  783. * \d:                                    Escapes.
  784. * \D <1>:                                Drawing Functions.
  785. * \D:                                    Drawing Requests.
  786. * \e <1>:                                Using Symbols.
  787. * \e:                                    Escapes.
  788. * \E:                                    Escapes.
  789. * \e:                                    Escapes.
  790. * \E:                                    Escapes.
  791. * \e <1>:                                Escapes.
  792. * \e <2>:                                Character Translations.
  793. * \e:                                    Implementation Differences.
  794. * \f <1>:                                Changing Fonts.
  795. * \f <2>:                                Font Positions.
  796. * \f <3>:                                Changing Fonts.
  797. * \f <4>:                                Font Positions.
  798. * \f:                                    Changing Fonts.
  799. * \g:                                    Assigning Formats.
  800. * \h:                                    Page Motions.
  801. * \H <1>:                                Fractional Type Sizes.
  802. * \H:                                    Escapes.
  803. * \h:                                    Escapes.
  804. * \k:                                    Page Motions.
  805. * \l:                                    Using Symbols.
  806. * \L:                                    Drawing Requests.
  807. * \l:                                    Drawing Requests.
  808. * \L:                                    Escapes.
  809. * \l:                                    Escapes.
  810. * \L:                                    Using Symbols.
  811. * \n <1>:                                Copy-in Mode.
  812. * \n:                                    Implementation Differences.
  813. * \N <1>:                                Escapes.
  814. * \N:                                    Font File Format.
  815. * \n <1>:                                Auto-increment.
  816. * \n <2>:                                Interpolating Registers.
  817. * \n <3>:                                Auto-increment.
  818. * \n:                                    Interpolating Registers.
  819. * \N <1>:                                Character Translations.
  820. * \N:                                    Using Symbols.
  821. * \o:                                    Escapes.
  822. * \O:                                    Suppressing output.
  823. * \p <1>:                                Escapes.
  824. * \p:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  825. * \R:                                    Setting Registers.
  826. * \r:                                    Escapes.
  827. * \R <1>:                                Setting Registers.
  828. * \R <2>:                                Escapes.
  829. * \R:                                    Auto-increment.
  830. * \s <1>:                                Fractional Type Sizes.
  831. * \s <2>:                                Escapes.
  832. * \s:                                    Changing Type Sizes.
  833. * \S:                                    Escapes.
  834. * \t <1>:                                Character Translations.
  835. * \t <2>:                                Tabs and Fields.
  836. * \t:                                    Escapes.
  837. * \u:                                    Escapes.
  838. * \V:                                    I/O.
  839. * \v <1>:                                Gtroff Internals.
  840. * \v <2>:                                Escapes.
  841. * \v:                                    Page Motions.
  842. * \w <1>:                                Drawing Functions.
  843. * \w <2>:                                Page Motions.
  844. * \w:                                    Escapes.
  845. * \X <1>:                                Escapes.
  846. * \X:                                    Postprocessor Access.
  847. * \x <1>:                                Escapes.
  848. * \x:                                    Manipulating Spacing.
  849. * \Y:                                    Postprocessor Access.
  850. * \Z:                                    Escapes.
  851. * \{ <1>:                                Escapes.
  852. * \{ <2>:                                Implementation Differences.
  853. * \{ <3>:                                Escapes.
  854. * \{:                                    if-else.
  855. * \| <1>:                                Implementation Differences.
  856. * \|:                                    Escapes.
  857. * \} <1>:                                Escapes.
  858. * \} <2>:                                if-else.
  859. * \} <3>:                                Warnings.
  860. * \} <4>:                                Escapes.
  861. * \}:                                    Implementation Differences.
  862. * \~ <1>:                                Character Translations.
  863. * \~ <2>:                                Request Arguments.
  864. * \~:                                    Escapes.
  865.  
  866. 
  867. File: groff,  Node: Operator Index,  Next: Register Index,  Prev: Escape Index,  Up: Top
  868.  
  869. Operator Index
  870. **************
  871.  
  872. * Menu:
  873.  
  874. * !:                                     Expressions.
  875. * % <1>:                                 Escapes.
  876. * %:                                     Expressions.
  877. * & <1>:                                 Escapes.
  878. * &:                                     Expressions.
  879. * ( <1>:                                 Expressions.
  880. * (:                                     Escapes.
  881. * ) <1>:                                 Escapes.
  882. * ):                                     Expressions.
  883. * * <1>:                                 Escapes.
  884. * *:                                     Expressions.
  885. * + <1>:                                 Expressions.
  886. * + <2>:                                 Escapes.
  887. * +:                                     Expressions.
  888. * +, and page motion:                    Expressions.
  889. * - <1>:                                 Expressions.
  890. * - <2>:                                 Escapes.
  891. * -:                                     Expressions.
  892. * -, and page motion:                    Expressions.
  893. * .:                                     Escapes.
  894. * / <1>:                                 Expressions.
  895. * /:                                     Escapes.
  896. * : <1>:                                 Escapes.
  897. * ::                                     Expressions.
  898. * < <1>:                                 Expressions.
  899. * <:                                     Escapes.
  900. * <=:                                    Expressions.
  901. * <?:                                    Expressions.
  902. * = <1>:                                 Escapes.
  903. * =:                                     Expressions.
  904. * ==:                                    Expressions.
  905. * > <1>:                                 Escapes.
  906. * >:                                     Expressions.
  907. * >=:                                    Expressions.
  908. * >?:                                    Expressions.
  909. * |:                                     Drawing Requests.
  910. * |, and page motion:                    Expressions.
  911.  
  912. 
  913. File: groff,  Node: Register Index,  Next: Macro Index,  Prev: Operator Index,  Up: Top
  914.  
  915. Register Index
  916. **************
  917.  
  918. * Menu:
  919.  
  920. * %:                                     Page Layout.
  921. * .$:                                    Parameters.
  922. * .A:                                    Built-in Registers.
  923. * .a:                                    Manipulating Spacing.
  924. * .A:                                    Groff Options.
  925. * .b:                                    Artificial Fonts.
  926. * .C:                                    Implementation Differences.
  927. * .c:                                    Built-in Registers.
  928. * .ce:                                   Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  929. * .d:                                    Diversions.
  930. * .ev:                                   Environments.
  931. * .f:                                    Font Positions.
  932. * .fam:                                  Font Families.
  933. * .fp:                                   Font Positions.
  934. * .g:                                    Built-in Registers.
  935. * .h:                                    Diversions.
  936. * .H:                                    Built-in Registers.
  937. * .hla:                                  Manipulating Hyphenation.
  938. * .hlc:                                  Manipulating Hyphenation.
  939. * .hlm:                                  Manipulating Hyphenation.
  940. * .hy:                                   Manipulating Hyphenation.
  941. * .hym:                                  Manipulating Hyphenation.
  942. * .hys:                                  Manipulating Hyphenation.
  943. * .i:                                    Line Layout.
  944. * .in:                                   Line Layout.
  945. * .j:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  946. * .k:                                    Page Motions.
  947. * .kern:                                 Ligatures and Kerning.
  948. * .l:                                    Line Layout.
  949. * .L:                                    Manipulating Spacing.
  950. * .lg:                                   Ligatures and Kerning.
  951. * .ll:                                   Line Layout.
  952. * .lt:                                   Page Layout.
  953. * .ne:                                   Page Location Traps.
  954. * .ns:                                   Manipulating Spacing.
  955. * .o:                                    Line Layout.
  956. * .p:                                    Page Layout.
  957. * .P <1>:                                Built-in Registers.
  958. * .P:                                    Groff Options.
  959. * .pn:                                   Page Layout.
  960. * .ps:                                   Fractional Type Sizes.
  961. * .psr:                                  Fractional Type Sizes.
  962. * .rj:                                   Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  963. * .s <1>:                                Changing Type Sizes.
  964. * .s:                                    Fractional Type Sizes.
  965. * .sr:                                   Fractional Type Sizes.
  966. * .ss:                                   Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  967. * .sss:                                  Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  968. * .T <1>:                                Built-in Registers.
  969. * .T:                                    Groff Options.
  970. * .t <1>:                                Page Location Traps.
  971. * .t:                                    Diversion Traps.
  972. * .tabs:                                 Tabs and Fields.
  973. * .trunc:                                Page Location Traps.
  974. * .u:                                    Manipulating Filling and Adjusting.
  975. * .v:                                    Changing Type Sizes.
  976. * .V <1>:                                Built-in Registers.
  977. * .V:                                    Changing Type Sizes.
  978. * .vpt:                                  Page Location Traps.
  979. * .warn:                                 Debugging.
  980. * .x:                                    Built-in Registers.
  981. * .Y:                                    Built-in Registers.
  982. * .y:                                    Built-in Registers.
  983. * .z:                                    Diversions.
  984. * c.:                                    Built-in Registers.
  985. * ct:                                    Page Motions.
  986. * dl:                                    Diversions.
  987. * dn:                                    Diversions.
  988. * dw:                                    Built-in Registers.
  989. * dy:                                    Built-in Registers.
  990. * ln:                                    Built-in Registers.
  991. * mo:                                    Built-in Registers.
  992. * nl:                                    Diversions.
  993. * opmaxx:                                Suppressing output.
  994. * opmaxy:                                Suppressing output.
  995. * opminx:                                Suppressing output.
  996. * opminy:                                Suppressing output.
  997. * rsb:                                   Page Motions.
  998. * rst:                                   Page Motions.
  999. * sb <1>:                                Drawing Functions.
  1000. * sb:                                    Page Motions.
  1001. * skw:                                   Page Motions.
  1002. * ssc:                                   Page Motions.
  1003. * st <1>:                                Drawing Functions.
  1004. * st:                                    Page Motions.
  1005. * systat:                                I/O.
  1006. * year:                                  Built-in Registers.
  1007. * yr:                                    Built-in Registers.
  1008.  
  1009. 
  1010. File: groff,  Node: Macro Index,  Next: String Index,  Prev: Register Index,  Up: Top
  1011.  
  1012. Macro Index
  1013. ***********
  1014.  
  1015. * Menu:
  1016.  
  1017. * B:                                     Man font macros.
  1018. * BI:                                    Man font macros.
  1019. * BR:                                    Man font macros.
  1020. * DT:                                    Miscellaneous man macros.
  1021. * HP <1>:                                Man usage.
  1022. * HP:                                    Miscellaneous man macros.
  1023. * I:                                     Man font macros.
  1024. * IB:                                    Man font macros.
  1025. * IP <1>:                                Miscellaneous man macros.
  1026. * IP:                                    Man usage.
  1027. * IR:                                    Man font macros.
  1028. * LP <1>:                                Man usage.
  1029. * LP <2>:                                Miscellaneous man macros.
  1030. * LP:                                    Man usage.
  1031. * P <1>:                                 Man usage.
  1032. * P:                                     Miscellaneous man macros.
  1033. * PD:                                    Miscellaneous man macros.
  1034. * PP <1>:                                Miscellaneous man macros.
  1035. * PP:                                    Man usage.
  1036. * R:                                     Man font macros.
  1037. * RB:                                    Man font macros.
  1038. * RE:                                    Man usage.
  1039. * RI:                                    Man font macros.
  1040. * RS:                                    Man usage.
  1041. * SB:                                    Man font macros.
  1042. * SH <1>:                                Man usage.
  1043. * SH:                                    Miscellaneous man macros.
  1044. * SM:                                    Man font macros.
  1045. * SS <1>:                                Man usage.
  1046. * SS:                                    Miscellaneous man macros.
  1047. * TH <1>:                                Man usage.
  1048. * TH:                                    Miscellaneous man macros.
  1049. * TP <1>:                                Man usage.
  1050. * TP <2>:                                Miscellaneous man macros.
  1051. * TP:                                    Man usage.
  1052.  
  1053. 
  1054. File: groff,  Node: String Index,  Next: Glyph Name Index,  Prev: Macro Index,  Up: Top
  1055.  
  1056. String Index
  1057. ************
  1058.  
  1059. * Menu:
  1060.  
  1061. * *R:                                    Predefined man strings.
  1062. * *S:                                    Predefined man strings.
  1063. * .T <1>:                                Groff Options.
  1064. * .T:                                    Built-in Registers.
  1065. * lq:                                    Predefined man strings.
  1066. * rq:                                    Predefined man strings.
  1067. * Tm:                                    Predefined man strings.
  1068.  
  1069. 
  1070. File: groff,  Node: Glyph Name Index,  Next: Font File Keyword Index,  Prev: String Index,  Up: Top
  1071.  
  1072. Glyph Name Index
  1073. ****************
  1074.  
  1075.    A glyph name `xx' consisting of exactly two characters can be
  1076. accessed as `\(xx'.  Glyph names `xxx' of any length can be accessed as
  1077. `\[xxx]'.
  1078.  
  1079. * Menu:
  1080.  
  1081. * br:                                    Using Symbols.
  1082. * dg <1>:                                Using Symbols.
  1083. * dg:                                    Sentences.
  1084. * em:                                    Using Symbols.
  1085. * hy <1>:                                Manipulating Hyphenation.
  1086. * hy:                                    Using Symbols.
  1087. * lq:                                    Predefined man strings.
  1088. * rn:                                    Using Symbols.
  1089. * rq <1>:                                Predefined man strings.
  1090. * rq <2>:                                Sentences.
  1091. * rq:                                    Using Symbols.
  1092. * ru:                                    Using Symbols.
  1093. * ul:                                    Using Symbols.
  1094.  
  1095.